Competition Corner

Health care companies and stakeholders should be prepared for an uptick in antitrust complaints and investigations in the short term, driven by the launch of HealthyCompetition.gov. Despite the anticipated short-term impact, the long-term impact remains uncertain and depends on the sustained engagement and use of the tipline by the public.

AAG Blizzard’s announcement marks the latest in a trend of increasing focus and scrutiny from state-level antitrust enforcement agencies. This change suggests that many states are standing ready to address antitrust enforcement if federal enforcement, which has been reinvigorated under the Biden administration, is weakened.  

In the latest step in the U.S. antitrust agencies’ heightened enforcement against private equity, the Federal Trade Commission held a Workshop on Private Equity in Health Care yesterday with the U.S. Department of Justice and Department of Health and Human Services.

Almost exactly five months after the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (the Agencies) released their draft merger guidelines, the FTC and DOJ issued the final 2023 Merger Guidelines.

Over the past six months, the FTC and DOJ have pushed a unified message regarding antitrust enforcement. 

In analyzing a government contractor target for a proposed acquisition—such as a merger, asset sale, or stock purchase—due diligence may uncover a seller’s noncompliance with certain Federal Acquisition Regulations or other applicable regulations.

On February 3, 2023, the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that it had withdrawn three policy statements that established certain enforcement “safety zones” or safe harbors for the exchange of competitively sensitive information and benchmarking exercises.

After a series of withdrawals of key antitrust policy statements and guidance documents and announcing an intention to make changes to the merger guidelines, the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice (the Agencies) have released new proposed Merger Guidelines.

On June 27, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it will issue a 132-page Notice of Proposed Rulemaking drafted in concurrence with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) that, if implemented, would bring sweeping changes to the U.S. merger review process. The proposed changes would require merging parties reporting transactions under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (HSR) to collect and submit to the FTC and DOJ significantly more information than is currently reported in the HSR form, likely significantly lengthening the time and expense associated with reporting transactions under the HSR Act. Indeed, the FTC’s own estimate is that the number of hours required to prepare an average HSR filing will increase nearly four-fold from 37 to 144 hours. Although the FTC states in its press release that the purpose of the proposed changes is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of merger reviews, the additional burden on merging parties will be substantial. 

The GCR Live – Cartels 2023 conference took place on June 7, 2023, in Washington, D.C. The agenda included a keynote address by Manish Kumar, Deputy Assistant Attorney General (DAAG) for Criminal Enforcement at the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, who discussed the Division’s current approach to criminal antitrust enforcement, as well as panels examining cartel enforcement in labor markets, criminal monopolization, and antitrust compliance in a shifting economy.

In the age of big data and artificial intelligence, businesses are increasingly using algorithms to make important business decisions. This trend raises antitrust concerns that companies need to be aware of. 

This week, the FTC and DOJ along with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission released a joint statement pledging the agencies’ commitment to enforce their respective laws and regulations and to uphold their commitment to the core principles of fairness, equity, and justice in relation to emerging automated systems.

The collection, monetization, analysis, and use of consumer data have become ubiquitous aspects of modern business in the digital age. Companies, big and small, rely on consumer data to develop targeted advertising campaigns, enhance customer experiences, and create innovative products and services. However, the increasing reliance on consumer data also presents significant and growing antitrust risks for companies operating in the digital sphere.

In another example of heightened antitrust enforcement by the Department of Justice (DOJ) under the Biden administration, on January 24, 2023, DOJ and eight states filed a civil antitrust lawsuit accusing Google of monopolizing multiple digital advertising technology (“ad tech”) products. The lawsuit reflects the continued antitrust focus at both the state and federal levels on Google.

Last year, we previewed the Department of Justice’s antitrust lawsuit seeking to block Penguin Random House’s purchase of its competitor, Simon & Schuster, as a prominent example of the DOJ’s recent increased focus on monopsony theories of competitive harm.  After a year of litigation, the case reached resolution in November, when U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (now D.C. Circuit) Judge Florence Pan issued a decision enjoining the merger, determining it would lessen competition in the market to acquire publishing rights and therefore violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act.  

Whether tacit collusion—where firms effectively behave as though they are colluding without any direct communication expressing agreement—should give rise to an antitrust violation has long been a contested issue in the United States, with legal opinions varying and evolving over time.

On October 31, the Department of Justice (DOJ) fulfilled its recent promise to “vigorously enforce Section 2 of the Sherman Act” by securing the first guilty plea in a criminal monopolization case since the 1970s. Nathan Zito, the president of a Montana-based paving and asphalt company, admitted to one count of attempted monopolization of the market for highway crack-sealing services in Montana and Wyoming.

The Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that seven directors resigned from corporate board positions in response to the DOJ’s concerns that their roles violated Section 8 of the Clayton Act’s prohibition on interlocking directorates. The resignations follow the DOJ’s correspondence in late September to a number of public companies, in which it raised concerns based on statements in public filings that existing officers or directors of the company were serving as officers or directors of another company that may be considered a competitor.

The Department of Justice’s Antitrust Division recently highlighted several new enforcement priorities of the DOJ. These enforcement priorities should be of particular interest to businesses, such as private equity funds, that regularly make Hart-Scott-Rodino filings in connection with M&A transactions.

The ABA and IBA hosted the 2022 International Cartel Workshop in Lisbon, Portugal, over three days in late June. The biennial workshop is considered the premier international cartel conference, and was attended by senior members of the private bar and government enforcers from around the world, including several members of Winston’s Antitrust/Competition Group.