Competition Corner

Last week, Donald Trump was elected to serve as the 47th president of the United States. President Trump’s election raises questions about the future of antitrust policy and enforcement, particularly following the major policy shifts and increased scrutiny of mergers and acquisitions under the Biden administration.

On October 10, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission unanimously adopted final changes to the premerger notification form required by the Hart-Scott-Rodino (HSR) Act, effective 90 days after publication in the Federal Register, i.e., no earlier than January 8, 2025.

On September 17, 2024, the DOJ’s Antitrust Division withdrew from its 1995 Bank Merger Guidelines and announced that, going forward, it will use the 2023 Merger Guidelines, along with a 2024 Banking Addendum, in evaluating the competitive impact of mergers and acquisitions in the banking industry. The DOJ’s announcement comes roughly three years after President Biden issued an executive order encouraging the DOJ to enhance the enforcement standards set forth in the previous Bank Merger Guidelines. 

The Federal Trade Commission’s rule banning nearly all noncompete agreements with workers was blocked, nationwide, by a Texas federal court on August 20.

On July 31, 2024, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) jointly hosted the first public meeting of the “Strike Force on Unfair and Illegal Pricing.” This initiative was launched by President Biden in March 2024 where he emphasized the readiness of the DOJ and FTC to enforce the law in response to “illegal pricing practices that are fraudulent or unfair or deceptive or anticompetitive.”

A federal district court in Texas granted a preliminary injunction staying enforcement of the Federal Trade Commission’s recently adopted rule banning nearly all non-competes with workers. The decision is strongly critical of the FTC rule and finds that the plaintiffs are substantially likely to succeed in their challenge to the non-compete ban on the basis that the rulemaking was beyond the FTC’s statutory authority and was arbitrary and capricious. 

Health care companies and stakeholders should be prepared for an uptick in antitrust complaints and investigations in the short term, driven by the launch of HealthyCompetition.gov. Despite the anticipated short-term impact, the long-term impact remains uncertain and depends on the sustained engagement and use of the tipline by the public.

On April 23, 2024, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission promulgated a final rule banning non-compete clauses in contracts with employees and other workers (the Rule). 

In the latest step in the U.S. antitrust agencies’ heightened enforcement against private equity, the Federal Trade Commission held a Workshop on Private Equity in Health Care yesterday with the U.S. Department of Justice and Department of Health and Human Services.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced yesterday the increased Hart-Scott-Rodino (HSR) Act thresholds for 2024. 

Over the past six months, the FTC and DOJ have pushed a unified message regarding antitrust enforcement. 

In a recent move with potential implications for foreign companies doing business with China-based individuals and entities, the Guangzhou Intellectual Property Court recently announced that it has accepted a case brought by a Chinese e-commerce company against Amazon Europe alleging a violation of China’s Anti-Monopoly Law.

On September 27, 2023, a Louisiana federal court issued a landmark ruling addressing the intersection of the Hart-Scott-Rodino (HSR) Act and the Certificate of Public Advantage (COPA) regimes adopted by various states.

The Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) continued scrutiny of private equity “roll-up” strategies resurfaced in a recent complaint filed in Texas federal court alleging that the private equity firm Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe (Welsh Carson) and its portfolio company U.S. Anesthesia Partners, Inc. (USAP) entered into a “multi-year anticompetitive scheme to consolidate anesthesiology practices in Texas, drive up the price of anesthesia services provided to Texas patients, and boost their own profits.” 

On July 31, 2023, China’s antitrust law enforcement agency, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR), summoned four hog-farming companies for a regulatory meeting, with concerns over a no-poach agreement among them.

Illinois has adopted a new antitrust law, effective January 1, 2024, requiring pre-merger notification of certain transactions between health care entities, including hospitals and provider groups. 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the attorneys general of 31 states and the District of Columbia launched an “Agricultural Competition Partnership” on July 19, 2023, to “enhance competition and protect consumers in food and agricultural markets.” This partnership between USDA and a bipartisan group of states is dedicated to helping states identify and respond to anticompetitive and anti-consumer behavior in food and agricultural markets, including in grocery, meat and poultry processing, and other sectors.

After a series of withdrawals of key antitrust policy statements and guidance documents and announcing an intention to make changes to the merger guidelines, the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice (the Agencies) have released new proposed Merger Guidelines.

On June 27, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it will issue a 132-page Notice of Proposed Rulemaking drafted in concurrence with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) that, if implemented, would bring sweeping changes to the U.S. merger review process. The proposed changes would require merging parties reporting transactions under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (HSR) to collect and submit to the FTC and DOJ significantly more information than is currently reported in the HSR form, likely significantly lengthening the time and expense associated with reporting transactions under the HSR Act. Indeed, the FTC’s own estimate is that the number of hours required to prepare an average HSR filing will increase nearly four-fold from 37 to 144 hours. Although the FTC states in its press release that the purpose of the proposed changes is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of merger reviews, the additional burden on merging parties will be substantial. 

Private antitrust lawsuits can be lengthy and complex, often involving several defendants and dozens of differently situated plaintiffs, including the potential for multiple putative classes of plaintiffs, as well as direct action plaintiffs pursuing individual claims. In international cartel cases, global defendants must increasingly face private lawsuits across multiple jurisdictions, making it virtually impossible to settle everything globally at the same time due to the complexity of these sprawling matters and jurisdiction-specific idiosyncrasies. Indeed, new actions may be filed in other jurisdictions many years after the initial lawsuits.